Cancer may be named by the location of the origin of the cancer cells, or by the location of the primary tumor. The cause of cancer is not fully understood, but risk factors may exist for certain types of cancer.

Carcinogens may be responsible for some cases of cancer, as is now known with tobacco, which may be responsible for causing lung cancer, as it may contain many known carcinogens. Radiation, infections, hormonal imbalances, poor diet and lifestyle habits, and hereditary factors may be other causes of certain types of cancer.

Symptoms of cancer may vary depending on the type of cancer involved. Lumps, swelling, bleeding, pain and ulcerations may be associated with many types of cancer. Enlarged lymph nodes, coughing, bone problems and an enlarged liver may be signs that the cancer is spreading.

Cancer patients may also experience weight loss, a decrease in appetite, fatigue, sweating and anemia. Diagnosing cancer may be done through the recognition of one or more of these symptoms, but further examination may be required to confirm the presence of cancer cells or tumors. Blood tests, CT scans and X-rays may help doctors diagnose cancer in some patients, while a biopsy may be taken to test a sample of tissue in other patients.

The type of treatment recommended or required may depend on certain factors. The type of cancer, the location of the cancer and the age and health of the patient may all be factors in deciding which treatment may work best.

Surgery to remove a tumor may be required in some cases, while radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be required to kill cancer cells. A combination of treatments may also be used to treat patients with cancer. Doctors may also use other treatment options in treating patients. Diet and lifestyle changes may support a cancer-free recovery.

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