Insulin is necessary to allow glucose to enter the cells to be used for energy. Without the proper amount of insulin, sugar may begin to build up in the blood, causing high blood sugar. High levels of blood sugar may lead to more serious conditions such as problems with the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, nerves and eyes.

Type 1 diabetes may be a result of the body destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas called 'beta cells'. Type 2 diabetes may be caused by the body's inability to respond to insulin in a condition called 'insulin resistance'.

Another cause of type 2 diabetes may be if the pancreas does not make enough insulin. Overweight or obese people, people with a family history of diabetes and people with inactive lifestyles may be at greater risk of getting type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes may include thirst, hunger despite having just eaten, frequent urination, weight loss, blurry vision, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea and dry mouth. Other symptoms may also be present so it may be helpful to speak with a doctor upon recognizing any symptoms of diabetes. In diagnosing diabetes, a doctor may take a blood sample to test the amount of sugar in the blood. The doctor may also perform a urine test as well.

The most important part of treating diabetes may be keeping the blood sugar levels within the appropriate range. Keeping the blood sugar in range may be done through eating healthy, exercising, losing weight if needed and taking medications. A doctor may advise patients to regularly check the body's blood sugar levels. Insulin injections may be required for patients with type 1 diabetes to ensure the body receives the proper amount of insulin.

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