Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, may be one possible cause of heartburn. In GERD, stomach acids and juices may make their way back up the esophagus and cause the patient to experience heartburn.

Diagnosing heartburn and possible causes of the condition may be done through ambulatory pH monitoring. In this procedure, a probe may be placed into the esophagus to record acidity levels in the esophagus. A doctor may also perform a manometry, which may involve a pressure sensor to measure the pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter. A doctor may also perform an edoscopy, which involves a tiny camera used for viewing and diagnosing problems in the esophagus, or may perform a biopsy by taking a small sample of tissue from the esophagus to test and diagnose any problems.

Avoiding certain foods that may cause heartburn may help to avoid the condition. Avoiding spicy foods, especially before bedtime, may help to reduce the risk of heartburn as well. If experienced while sleeping, raising the head of the bed, raising the upper body or sleeping sitting up may reduce symptoms.

Also, tight clothing around the waist may put pressure on the stomach, which may cause the stomach juices to reflux back up into the esophagus. Treating heartburn with medications may be recommended.

Antacids may be effective in neutralizing excess stomach acid, while drinking a mixture of baking soda and water may help to neutralize the acid causing the problem. Too much sodium may raise the blood pressure, however. A doctor may recommend other treatments as well, such as H2-receptor antagonists, proton-pump inhibitors and alginates.

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