Hypertension may damage arteries, the heart and the kidneys. It may even lead to heart attack, stroke or other health problems. The exact cause of hypertension may not be fully understood, however, certain factors may increase the risk of hypertension.

Being overweight, consuming too much alcohol, a family history of hypertension, a diet high in sodium and aging may increase the risk of hypertension. People that are not active, do not eat enough potassium, calcium, or who have insulin resistance, a condition that may cause high blood sugar, may be at a greater risk of developing high blood pressure.

Hypertension may be referred to as the “silent killer” because no symptoms may be present and people may not know they have high blood pressure unless a doctor informs them. If left untreated, hypertension may damage organs such as the brain, heart, eyes and kidneys. Hypertension may lead to coronary artery disease, stroke or kidney failure.

Certain symptoms may be present, such as headache, vision problems, nausea and vomiting. If blood pressure rises very fast, emergency medical treatment may be needed. Diagnosing high blood pressure may be done during a routine doctor visit. Many people may discover their hypertension upon visiting the doctor for a separate health issue.

Treating hypertension may be accomplished by making certain lifestyle changes. Losing excess weight, limiting sodium, avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking and eating a healthy, well-balanced diet may help to lower blood pressure.

Exercising and reducing stress may also help to lower blood pressure. In some cases of more severe hypertension, patients may be required to take medications along with making these lifestyle changes. A health care professional may be helpful in providing information regarding medications and lifestyle changes.

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