IBD may be a chronic disease, characterized by periods of active flare-ups and periods of remission. Patients with ulcerative colitis may experience irritation, soreness and swelling in only the large intestine. Cramping and bloody diarrhea may also be present for patients with ulcerative colitis. A doctor may take a stool sample to confirm that the condition is ulcerative colitis, as certain infections may present similar symptoms.

Patients with Crohn's disease may experience inflammation in any area of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss and rectal infections. Additional symptoms may include poor growth and joint pain.

Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis may cause emotional stress and strain as well. Patients may become frustrated with the irregular bowel habits they may experience. Patients suffering from IBD may also experience low bone density and an iron deficiency.

The exact cause of IBD may not be fully understood. Family history may play an important role in increasing a person's risk of developing IBD. Other factors that may increase risks include poor nutritional and fatty diet habits, intestinal bacteria and smoking. If a person has bloody diarrhea for more than two weeks, doctors may perform several tests including X-rays, blood tests and a colonoscopy to determine the cause. Treating IBD may be done using medications.

The medications for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease may be similar. Surgery may be needed in some cases to remove obstructions or to remove diseased sections of intestine. Many sufferers of Crohn's disease may need surgery at some point in life. A healthcare professional may recommend additional treatments for patients with IBD.

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